Concentrations and Sources of Atmospheric PM, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kanazawa, Japan

PM2.5 (fine particles with diameters 2.5 micrometers and smaller) PM>2.5 were separately collected in Kanazawa, Japan every season, from the spring of 2017 to winter 2018, nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) six nitropolycyclic (NPAHs) respectively determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fluorescence chemiluminescence detections. The atmospheric concentrations both PAHs NPAHs showed seasonal changes (highest lowest summer), which differed variations total suspended particulate matter (TSP) amounts (which highest spring). contributions major sources combustion-derived (Pc) calculated 1-nitropyrene-pyrene (NP) method, pyrene 1-nitropyrene as representative markers NPAHs, respectively. annual average concentration Pc accounted for only 2.1% PM2.5, but same variation PAHs. vehicles (31%) coal heating facilities/industries (69%). A backward trajectory analysis that vehicle-derived was mainly Kanazawa its surroundings, facilities/industry-derived transported city areas central northern China winter, during Asian dust event spring. These results show large over a long range winter. Even spring, after season China, still storms passed through Chinese areas. By contrast, main contributors surroundings. recent much lower than those 1999. This decrease mostly attributed contribution vehicle emissions. Thus, Pc, strongly affected not by local emissions also long-range transport China.